烤烟漂浮育苗影响因素研究进展

烤烟漂浮育苗技术是我国烤烟育苗的主要方式,对烤烟生产具有重要影响。综述了烤烟漂浮育苗的影响因素,总结了育苗基质、营养液、育苗盘、剪叶、温度和光等对漂浮育苗的影响,并对今后烤烟漂浮育苗的研究方向进行了展望。     

海马齿生态浮床对海水养殖池塘的修复效果

[目的]研究海马齿生态浮床对海水养殖池塘的修复效果。[方法]采取自然条件下周期性监测,根据试验海塘的地理形状和海马齿浮床铺设分布特点,设试验区和对照区,其中试验区设有海马齿区和无海马齿区,选择传统鱼塘作为对照区,研究养殖池塘在原位生态修复方法下水体氮、磷营养盐、海马齿生长、沉积物–水界面通量等的变化规律。[结果]海马齿生态浮床修复的试验区与对照区相比,DO浓度与透明度增大,主要污染物浓度降低。与对照区比较,海马齿浮床对磷、氨、氮有显著去除作用(P0.05),海马齿浮床区域COD含量较对照区明显降低(P0.05)。叶绿素a含量、TPM、POM均表现出试验区较对照区小(P0.05),说明海马齿浮床对水体的颗粒有机物有去除作用。11月浮床区海马齿C储量为39.56 g/m~2,N储量为0.77 g/m~2,P储量为0.21 g/m~2。[结论]海马齿生态浮床能改善养殖区域生态环境。     

温度和光照对瓦氏马尾藻繁殖的影响

研究了温度和光照对瓦氏马尾藻生殖托成熟排放精卵和胚胎附着、发育及存活的影响.尚未成熟的生殖托和受精卵分别在不同温度(13、18、23、28C)和不同光照(1000、4 500、8 000 lx)下培养12 d,结果表明,生殖托成熟排放卵的最合适温度为23℃,光照对生殖托成熟排卵几乎没有影响;胚胎附着、发育和存活的最合适温度范围为23～28℃,最合适光照范围为4 500～8 000lx.     

生物浮床技术在水产养殖中的应用概况

生物浮床技术作为生物操纵方法的一种,是一种原位生态修复技术,它是利用浮床植物根系或者茎叶吸收、富集、降解或固定受污染水体中的(有机)污染物,通过对植物的收割(收获)以实现降低或者消除水体污染物,达到净化水质、修复环境的目的.综述了生物浮床技术的原理与特点及生物浮床的应用效果,并结合生物浮床的技术特点探讨其在水产养殖应用中存在的问题,最后对生物浮床技术在水产养殖中的应用前景进行了展望.     

Effect of Oversulfation on the Composition,Structure, and In Vitro Anti-Lung Cancer Activity of Fucoidans Extracted from Sargassum aquifolium

Intensive efforts have been undertaken in the fields of prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of lung cancer. Fucoidans exhibit a wide range of biological activities, which are dependent on the degree of sulfation, sulfation pattern, glycosidic branches, and molecular weight of fucoidan. The determination of oversulfation of fucoidan and its effect on anti-lung cancer activity and related signaling cascades is challenging. In this investigation, we used a previously developed fucoidan (SCA), which served as a native fucoidan, to generate two oversulfated fucoidan derivatives (SCA-S1 and SCA-S2). SCA, SCA-S1, and SCA-S2 showed differences in compositions and had the characteristic structural features of fucoidan by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. The anticancer properties of SCA, SCA-S1, and SCA-S2 against human lung carcinoma A-549 cells were analyzed in terms of cytotoxicity, cell cycle, Bcl-2 expression, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), expression of caspase-3, cytochrome c release, Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining, DNA fragmentation, and the underlying signaling cascades. Our findings indicate that the oversulfation of fucoidan promotes apoptosis of lung cancer cells and the mechanism may involve the Akt/mTOR/S6 pathway. Further in vivo research is needed to establish the precise mechanism whereby oversulfated fucoidan mitigates the progression of lung cancer.     

Simultaneous Extraction and Depolymerization of Fucoidan from Sargassum muticum in Aqueous Media

The biomass components of the invasive seaweed Sargassum muticum were fractionated to allow their separate valorization. S. muticum (Sm) and the solid residue remaining after alginate extraction of this seaweed (AESm) were processed with hot, compressed water (hydrothermal processing) to assess the effects of temperature on fucoidan solubilization. Fucose-containing oligosaccharides were identified as reaction products. Operating under optimal conditions (170 °C), up to 62 and 85 wt% of the dry mass of Sm and AESm were solubilized, respectively. The reaction media were subjected to precipitation, nanofiltration and freeze-drying. The dried products contained 50% and 85% of the fucoidan present in Sm and AESm, respectively; together with other components such as phenolics and inorganic components. The saccharidic fraction, accounting for up to 35% of the dried extracts, contained fucose as the main sugar, and also galactose, xylose, glucose and mannose. The concentrates were characterized for antioxidant activity using the TEAC assay.     

Apo-9′-Fucoxanthinone,Isolated from Sargassum muticum,Inhibits CpG-Induced Inflammatory Response by Attenuating the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway

Sargassum muticum (S. muticum) is a brown edible alga and widely distributed in Korea. This report was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of apo-9′-fucoxanthinone (APO-9′) isolated from S. muticum on pro-inflammatory cytokine production. S. muticum extract (SME) exhibited significant inhibitory effects on pro-inflammatory cytokine production in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and dendritic cells (BMDCs). APO-9′ pre-treatment in the CpG DNA-stimulated BMDMs and BMDCs showed a strong dose-dependent inhibitory effect on interleukin (IL)-12 p40, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production with IC₅₀ values ranging from 5.31 to 13.79. It exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and on activator protein (AP)-1 reporter activity. APO-9′ pre-treatment exhibited significant inhibition of CpG DNA-induced production of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Taken together, these data suggest that SME and APO-9′ have a significant anti-inflammatory property and warrant further studies concerning the potentials of SME and APO-9′ for medicinal use.     

铜藻粗多糖酶法提取工艺的优化及其抗氧化活性研究

通过正交试验法对铜藻中粗多糖的酶法提取工艺进行优选,并测定其1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼（DPPH）自由基的清除能力、超氧阴离子自由基（O2-）及抗脂质过氧化能力;优化后铜藻粗多糖提取率为5.61%,具有一定的DPPH自由基清除能力、抗脂质过氧化能力、O2-清除能力。     

不同沙体与多种填充物按相同比例进行沙培的烤烟育苗对比分析

[目的]寻找烤烟(Nicotiana tabacum)漂浮育苗基质替代物。[方法]用不同沙体与多种填充物为替代基质按计重的方法设计7个处理进行少基质烤烟漂浮育苗,不同沙体与多种填充物比例为2∶1。[结果]用山沙拌锯末(2∶1)的比例育苗效果较好,烟苗大小整齐,叶色正绿,根系发达,清秀无病,茎杆富有韧性,起到了降本的作用。[结论]该研究可为烤烟漂浮育苗工作可持续发展提供参考。     

浮顶油罐底板修理

大型浮顶油罐在经过长期运行后,罐底板出现严重腐蚀、穿孔,焊缝出现裂纹和剥层,严重影响油罐正常运行。以５座油罐大修为例,提出了大修施工中方案的选择和实施应考虑的因素,一是大修前采用多种方法检测腐蚀,根据揭示的腐蚀种类和程度确定修理方案;于是针对不同腐蚀状况,选用堆焊磨平、局部换板、全部换板及相互结合的方法。详细介绍了５座油罐的检测与修理过程,并提出了罐底板在修理过程中应注意的事项。